Norway supports the application from the EUThe European Union have applied for permanent observer status on the Arctic Council, an organisation invented by, and hosted in Norway. The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum which addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the region’s indigenous people. Its members are Canada, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Six EU countries are permanent observers: Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. The Arctic Council Secretariat is based in Tromsø, Norway. Read more here Norway has twice negotiated an agreement to join the European Union, recommended by the government, but voted down by a slim majority of the people in 1972 and 1994. Moody's may cut AAA-rating of Britain and FranceThe credit rating agency Moody’s may cut the AAA-rating of Britain and France, according to the news agency Reuters. Moody’s has downgraded the credit rating of Spain and Portugal, citing growing risks from Europe’s debt crisis. Moody’s rival agency Standard & Poor’s, has gone even further in downgrading the credit rating of EU member states, mainly in southern Europe. The AAA-rating is the top score, indicating that it is pretty safe to lend money to the country, buy government bonds etc, giving the lender a lower rate of interest than countries with a lower rating. EUs vikarbyrådirektivDe rødgrønne partiene er uenige om hvordan regjeringen Stoltenberg skal behandle EU-direktiv 2008/10 av 19 november 2008 om vikararbeid. LO-sekretariatet har vedtatt å fraråde at direktivet blir innarbeidet i norsk lov. Etter det har flere lokallag i Arbeiderpartiet gått imot direktivet, blant annet Arbeiderpartiet i Stavanger, Bergen og Trondheim. Senterpartiet, trolig også Sosialistisk Venstreparti, vil gå imot at direktivet blir norsk lov. Du finner en link til direktivet her og en link til nettstedet Europalovs omtale av saken her. Arbeiderpartiet redegjør for sitt syn på Vikarbyrådirektivet her. Arbeiderpartiets stortingsgruppe har gått inn for å innarbeide EU-direktivet i norsk lov, mens regjeringspartnerne Sosialistisk Venstreparti og Senterpartiet er imot. Saken er ennå ikke behandlet i regjeringen. Arbeidsdepartementets høring om EU-direktivet LO’s høringssvar finner du en link til her. LO-leder Roar Flåthen utdyper sitt syn på direktivet her. NHO’s høringsuttalelse finner du en link til her. Advokatforeningens høringssvar finner du en link til her. Med utgangspunkt i innholdet i, og motivasjonen for EU-direktivet, er det vanskelig å forstå den sterke motstanden mot direktivet fra norsk fagbevegelse. Direktivet er et hederlig forsøk fra EU på å gi en svak arbeidstakergruppe i Europa bedre lovbeskyttelse, og på å regulere en bransje der det er mange useriøse aktører. Også i Norge er hovedprinsippene i direktivet til fordel for de vikarbyråansatte, og rapporteringsrutinene direktivet pålegger vikarbyråene en mulighet for å forbedre en bransje med både seriøse og useriøse virksomheter. EU-direktivet vil gjøre det dyrere å drive vikarbyråer, siden det pålegger dem å betale minst samme lønn og samme rettigheter som de fast ansatte i brukervirksomheten, og fratar vikarbyråene mulighet for å kreve betaling fra utleide vikarer. EU-kommisjonen startet arbeidet med direktivet i 1995, og redegjør for dette i direktivets innledning: Den 27. september 1995 konsulterede Kommissionen, jf. traktatens artikel 138, stk. 2, arbejdsmarkedets parter på fællesskabsplan om de mulige retningslinjer for en fællesskabsindsats vedrørende arbejdstidens fleksibilitet og arbejdstagernes sikkerhed i ansættelsen. Fagbevegelsen og arbeidsgiverne på EU-nivå forhandlet om å avtaleregulere de vikarbyrå-ansattes rettigheter, men ble ikke enige. EU-kommisjonen tok deretter initiativ til å utarbeide et direktiv. Det de ikke fikk EU-landenes regjeringer med på i direktivet, overlot de til EU’s medlemsland. Det har derfor blitt et minimumsdirektiv, der mye overlates til lovgivningen i hvert enkelt medlemsland og til rettsutviklingen. Innholdet i EU-direktivet Dette direktiv har til formål at beskytte vikaransatte og forbedre kvaliteten af vikararbejde ved at sikre, at princippet om ligebehandling, som fastsat i artikel 5, gælder for vikaransatte, og ved at anerkende vikarbureauer som arbejdsgivere samtidig med, at der tages hensyn til behovet for at etablere passende rammer for anvendelsen af vikararbejde med henblik på at bidrage effektivt til at skabe arbejdspladser og til at udvikle fleksible former for arbejde. Artikkel 3 definerer de begrepene direktivet opererer med, som arbeidstaker, vikarbyrå, vikaransatt, brukervirksomhet osv. Artikkel 4 begrenser muligheten til å forby bruk av vikarer. Artikkel 5 omtaler prinsippet om likebehandling, og er den sentrale artikkelen i EU-direktivet. Det kan gjøres unntak fra prinsippet om likebehandling mellom vikarer utleid fra vikarbyrå og fast ansatte, når den ansatte i vikarbyrået har en tidsubegrenset ansettelse i vikarbyrået. Artikkel 6 beskriver vikaransattes rett til å bli informert om ledige stillinger i brukervirksomheten, og mulighet for å gripe inn, dersom et vikarbyrå hindrer sine vikarer i å ta imot tilbud om fast ansettelse i bedrifter der de er innleid. Artikkel 7 omtaler vikaransattes representasjon, og slår fast at de skal regnes med når det gjelder rettigheter til representasjon gitt i EU-lovgivning, nasjonal lovgivning eller kollektive avtaler. Artikkel 8 pålegger vikarbyråene å informere om sin bruk av vikarer til de organer som representerer arbeidstakerne, mao fagforeningene. Artikkel 9 fastslår at direktivet er en minimumsbestemmelse, som ikke kan hindre medlemslandene i å innføre lover eller administrative bestemmelser som er gunstigere for arbeidstakerne. Den lyder slik på dansk: 1. Dette direktiv er ikke til hinder for, at medlemsstaterne kan anvende eller indføre love eller administrative bestemmelser, som er gunstigere for arbejdstagerne, eller kan tilskynde arbejdsmarkedets parter til eller give dem mulighed for at indgå kollektive overenskomster, som er gunstigere for arbejdstagerne. 2. Gennemførelsen af dette direktiv kan under ingen omstændigheder udgøre en tilstrækkelig begrundelse for en forringelse af det generelle beskyttelsesniveau for arbejdstagerne på de områder, der er omfattet af dette direktiv. Dette er ikke til hinder for, at medlemsstaterne og/eller arbejdsmarkedets parter på baggrund af ændrede forhold kan vedtage love og administrative bestemmelser eller overenskomstmæssige bestemmelser, som afviger fra de bestemmelser, der var gældende på tidspunktet for vedtagelsen af dette direktiv, forudsat at minimums kravene i dette direktiv overholdes. Artikkel 10 omtaler de straffebestemmelsene medlemsstatene kan vedta, for å sikre at vikarbyråene følger prinsippene i direktivet. Artikkel 11 pålegger medlemslandene å iverksette direktivet senest 5 desember 2011. Norge er med andre ord på overtid med å iverksette direktivet. Artikkel 12 fastslår at EU-kommisjonen i samråd med medlemslandene og partene i arbeidslivet skal ta direktivet opp til revisjon. Artikkel 13 slår fast at direktivet trer i kraft den dagen det ble offentliggjort og artikkel 14 at direktivet er rettet til EUs medlemsstater. Vurdering av argumentene mot EU-direktivet Disse to bestemmelsene tillater bare bedriftene å bruke vikarbyråansatte innenfor de reglene som gjelder for midlertidige ansettelser. Her er den norske lovgivningen blant de strengeste i Europa. Det første punktet i AML §14-9 lyder slik: Arbeidstaker skal ansettes fast. Avtale om midlertidig ansettelse kan likevel inngås: Første punktet i AML § 14-12 lyder slik: Innleie av arbeidstaker fra virksomhet som har til formål å drive utleie er tillatt i samme utstrekning som det kan avtales midlertidig ansettelse etter § 14-9 første ledd. Motstanderne av at Norge skal innføre dette EU-direktivet, frykter at NHO eller andre skal reise sak mot Norge ved Efta-domstolen, og få underkjent disse to regelsettene i AML. De frykter at det kan føre til at det over tid blir færre fast ansatte, og flere vikarbyråansatte, på norske arbeidsplasser. Også Advokatforeningen mener dette kan være en aktuell mulighet. Regjeringens og LO’s juridiske rådgivere er ikke enig med juristene i NHO og Advokatforeningen. Ingen kan selvsagt garantere utfallet av en mulig rettssak ved Efta-domstolen om et omstridt spørsmål i fremtiden. Men EU-direktivet fastslår allerede i Artikkel 1 Anvendelsesområde, at det handler om midlertidige oppgaver. Den lyder slik i den danske versjonen av direktivet: Dette direktiv finder anvendelse på arbejdstagere, som har indgået en arbejdsaftale eller et ansættelsesforhold med et vikarbureau og udsendes til brugervirksomheder for midlertidigt at udføre arbejdsopgaver under disses tilsyn og ledelse. Siden midlertidig ikke er definert i EU-direktivet, er det åpnet for at det kan gjøres av det enkelte medlemsland. Begrensningen i AML § 14-9 og § 14-12 kan derfor trolig opprettholdes og henvise til hjemmel i EU-direktivets artikkel 1. EU-direktivet tar sikte på å styrke arbeidstakerne generelt, og de vikarbyråansatte spesielt. En utvikling som fører til færre fast ansatte og flere vikarer i arbeidslivet, er derfor klart i strid både med EU-direktivets formål og med den tenkingen som gjennomsyrer direktivets enkeltbestemmelser. Du finner en link til Arbeidsmiljøloven (AML) her. De paragrafene det er diskusjon om, er § 14-9 Midlertidige ansettelser og § 14-12 Innleie fra virksomhet som har til formål å drive utleievirksomhet. Norge: Utenfor og innenfor EUUtvalget som skulle utrede Norges forhold til EU gjennom avtalen om Europeisk Økonomisk Samarbeid (EØS), har lagt fram sin utredning. Du finner NOU 2012: 2 EU Foreign Service is 1 year old!One year ago, the Foreign Service of the European Union was created, under the leadership of lady Cathrine Ashton, former EU Commissioner of the United Kingdom. It’s been a rough year, both for the Union and its foreign service. Read about it on the web pages of Europolicis here. Denmark leads the EU the next six monthsFor the 7th time since Denmark joined the European Union in 1973, the country will lead the Council of Ministers. Denmark joined together with Great Britain and Ireland, while Norway stayed out after a slim majority voted no to the terms of EU membership negotiated by the Labour government of Trygve Bratteli. The leadership of the EU 27 and the eurozone of 17 nations will be a huge challenge for the newly formed government of Social Democrat Helle Thorning Schmidt, in the most difficult year the European Union has ever faced. Denmark is not a eurozone member, they opted out in a referendum. The European Commission will visit Denmark 11th-13th this month, and the 6 month Danish rule of the Union will be wrapped up with a 2 day Council meeting at the end of the term. The official web site of the Danish presidency is here. More about the Danish presidency in EurActive here and a follow-up here. The Norwegian Employers Association covers the Danish presidency here (in Norwegian). Will Britain leave the European Union?“The impossible seems to become a possibility: Great Britain might be the first member to leave the Euroean Union”, writes the German news magazine Der Spiegel. The renowned German news magazine writes the story of how Britain might leave the EU, after British PM David Cameron was the only one going against a stronger comittment among the EU members, when it comes to budget procedures in the EU member countries. There will therefore not be a Lisbon treaty amendment, but an agreement, probably between the other 26 members of the European Union, though several members, among them Sweden and Denmark will wait to decide, until the agreement is discussed in their respective national parliaments. The agreement intends to fight the economic crises, threathening the survival of the euro currency union among 17 of the 27 EU members. Great Britain joined the European Union in 1973, and is the second largest member, after Germany, but is sidelined in major EU issues by the close relations between France and Germany. Great Britain became EU member after negotiations being rushed thorough by the impatient conservative government of Edward Heath, after being dalayed for many years by the famous “no” to British membership from France president and WW2 hero Charles de Gaulle. Britain joined in 1973 together with Denmark and Ireland, while Norway renounced, after a majority in a referendum voted against the deal negotiated by the social democratic Bratteli goverment. Increasing corruption in several EU member statesTransparency International publishes annually a perceived corruption index for the public sector, with zero as completely corrupt and ten as best performer in the fight agains corruption. The poorest results have been recorded in Bulgaria and Romania, followed by Greece and Italy. Some of the EU candidate countries appear to be less corrupt than these four EU member states. Transparency International published its regular ‘Corruption Perception Index’(CPI) for 2011, which includes some findings about Europe’s battle against corruption. TI ranks 183 countries based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. According to the index, Bulgaria is EUs most corrupt country, with a score of 3,3, dropping to no 86 globally. Greece was the most corrupt EU country in 2010, and dropped from 3,5 to 3,4, falling from no 78 to 80 on the global scorecard. Italy is ranked no 69th globally, with a score of 3,9. Romania’s scores are worse than last year, down from 3,7 to 3,6, a drop from 69th to 75th position, ranking it next to China on the global index. It is notable, that some of the most corrupt countries also are among the countries with the greatest financial difficulties, creating a crisis for the whole of Europe. The least corrupt country in the world is New Zealand, followed by Denmark and Finland. Here’s the top 10 list: 1 New Zealand 9,5 You’ll find more on the web pages of Transparency International More details of the EU situation in Euractiv. Sarkozy: -EU has to chose between enlargement and intgrationThere’s new talk of a two-speed Europe as the 17 eurozone countries struggle to save their currency. But European integration has for a long time been going at 6-10 different speeds, and there’s no convergence in sight, even in a 20-30 years perspective. The 17 euro countries have closed ranks to discuss common problems, under the leadership of Germany’s chancellor Angela Merkel and French president Nicolas Sarkozy. As a result, the ten EU-members outside of the eurozone, also meet to coordinate their interests, initiated by Britain’s Prime Minister David Cameron. But the outsider group is divided. Most members are obliged to join the euro sooner or later, indeed, some of them are eager to join, while others are quite eurosceptical. Only Denmark and Britain have a contracted right to stay out of the euro forever. The road out of the euro crisis, will have to be closer integration among the eurozone members, and Germany is now proposing amendments to the EU Lisbon treaty, in order to facilitate a closer cooperation. But for the outsiders, and certainly for Britain, enlargement is much more attractive than further EU integration. French president Nikolas Sarkozy said it plainly: “One cannot plead for federalism [in the euro zone] and at the same time for the enlargement of Europe. It’s impossible. There’s a contradiction. We are 27. We will obviously have to open up to the Balkans. We will be 32, 33 or 34. I imagine that nobody thinks that federalism—total integration—is possible at 33, 34, 35 countries.” In reality though, European integration have had more than two speeds for decades. Europe of several speeds started out with the great divide between east and west, with the east behind in the deep freezer behind an iron curtain, and a north-south divide with fascist and/or military rule in several Mediterranean countries. Even in the democratic west, Europe was divided in the “inner six” (the EU embryo) and the “outer seven” (The European Free Trade Area (Efta)) in the early 1950-ies. Since then, EU has grown from 6 to 27 members, and is still growing. Most Efta members left, to join the EU. Switzerland, Norway, Iceland (negotiating for EU membership) and Lichtenstein remain in Efta. Even Efta is divided. Switzerland has a trade agreement with the EU. Norway, Lichtenstein and Iceland are integrated in the EU market and decision making as members of the European Economic Area (EEA), a Jacques Delors-invention, after Norway for the second time declined to become a member of the EU through a popular vote in 1994. Even today’s EU is an area of several speeds. After an initial honeymoon, with massive EU support for the southern members, all the Mediterranean countries have been falling behind, while the Northern countries have benefited greatly, and, as a result, have strengthened their negotiating positions inside the EU considerably. Germany, bombed out, poor, divided and under foreign administration in 1945, is now at the centre of European decision making. While Britain and Russia, victorious in WWII, have been marginalised in European decision making, mainly by their own doing, since 1945. The present discussion is summed up by the web news service Euractiv George Soros fears that European disintegration will harm RomaHungarian-born global investor and philantropist George Soros warns that the disintegration of Europe, implies a serious threath to the continent minorities, especially the Roma. In the present crises, rightwing parties across Europe antagonise minorities to gain support, and Soro fears the negative political dynimic created by the present crises and the eurozone struggle to protect status quo. Read the interview with George Soros in EU observer. -Bravo, Herr Papandreu!Der Spiegel, the respected German news magazine, publishes a comment by Sven Böll with this title, in support of the Greek PM Andreas Papandreu, who today surprised everybody with his announcement that the EU package for Greece will be put to a referendum, a popular vote in his country. How soon, is not yet clear, and the global financial markets have reacted strongly to the new uncertainty. So have some of those EU leaders, who have used a time and effort to put together the deal to cancel 50 percent of the Greek debt. The situation in Greece is described as “on the brink of a revolution”, but their country’s political leaders are left with very choices, and it might be that a high risk gamble really was the only option left for the beleaguered Greek PM. The EU leaders are also running out of time and choices, and the moment of truth for Europe, the flawed eurozone and the European Union might be just now! But the EU has been there before, and every time they looked into the abyss and a history of two hot world wars and a really long cold one, they have muddled through somehow, and emerged with a better cooperation than before. That’s certainly no guarantee for a success this time. But in a Europe with a huge democratic deficit, it’s certainly not appropriate to critisise a leader for asking his people for support on an issue of almost existential importance for his country. You’ll find the whole comment in German in Der Spiegel here. And today, Wedensday, Papandreu faces a showdown with German and French leaders, just before the G20 meeting starts, according to the news agency Reuters. Angela Merkel stands out as Europe's leading politician72 years after Nazi Germany went to war to rule Europe by force, and lost disastrously 6 years later, a new, humble Germany leads Europe through, but possibly not, out of the present crises. Bundeskanzler Angela Merkel has become todays leading European politician and dealmaker, catapulted to prominence by the drama of the financial crises. Several media describes her central role in the deal that made it possible to save Greece from bankrupcy, by making the banks accept a loss of 50 percent of their Greek loans. The future of Europe, EU and the eurozone is still uncertain, and the deal might be overestimated by todays stock and currency markets. But the EU and the eurozone muddled through again, due to Ms Merkel’s and Germany’s persistence and stamina, the strength of the German economy and the global confidence in German business and politics. What a formidable turnaround from 1945! Read more here about the settlement that made the financial markets jump as soon as the stock exchange opened round the world this morning. The same view comes from Mary Dejevsky of The Independent. She sees a more Preussian Germany and a more Latin France emerging from the EU power struggle to find solutions to the present political and financial crises. While Der Spiegel, the German news magazine, refers to the bill the Germans have to pay, in order to save the euro. Annonse | |||||||||||
Nyeste kommentarer